Recent studies in cognitive psychology have challenged the traditional view that human memory operates as a passive storage system. Instead, researchers now propose that memory is an active reconstructive process, where each recall event involves reinterpreting past experiences through the lens of current knowledge and biases. This paradigm shift has significant implications for eyewitness testimony, as recollections may be unconsciously altered by post-event information. Furthermore, neuroimaging evidence suggests that the brain's prefrontal cortex plays a crucial role in monitoring and verifying the accuracy of retrieved memories, a function that can be impaired under stress. Consequently, legal systems are increasingly adopting stricter protocols for witness interviews to minimize the risk of memory contamination.
❓ According to the passage, what is the main change in the understanding of human memory?
A. Memory is now seen as a passive storage system rather than an active process.
B. Memory is understood as an active reconstruction that can be influenced by current knowledge.
C. The prefrontal cortex is no longer considered important in memory retrieval.
D. Eyewitness testimony has been proven to be always unreliable.
✅ 正确答案
Memory is understood as an active reconstruction that can be influenced by current knowledge.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first