The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, cognitive load theory suggests that learning is most effective when instructional materials are designed to minimize extraneous cognitive load, thereby freeing resources for the intrinsic processing necessary to understand complex material. However, recent studies have challenged the universality of this framework, indicating that the optimal level of cognitive load may vary depending on individual differences such as prior knowledge and learning style. For instance, novices benefit from highly structured guidance, while experts may experience redundancy when presented with excessive scaffolding, which can impede their performance. This has led to a more nuanced view, where the effectiveness of instructional design is contingent on the learner's stage of expertise.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 원래 인지 부하 이론의 주요 한계는 무엇인가?
A. 학습에서 작업 기억의 역할을 무시한다.
B. 이는 모든 학습자에게 동일한 최적의 인지 부하를 가정한다.
C. 사전 지식의 중요성을 지나치게 강조한다.
D. 교수적 비계 설정의 영향을 고려하지 못한다.
✅ 正确答案
It assumes a uniform optimal cognitive load for all learners.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first