The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often aim to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic load (complexity of the material) and extraneous load (how the material is presented) exceed the learner's capacity. However, recent studies suggest that a moderate level of germane load, which involves the mental resources dedicated to constructing and automating schemas, can actually enhance deep understanding. For instance, when students are presented with worked examples followed by problem-solving tasks, they tend to develop more robust mental models than when they engage in unguided discovery learning. This implies that structured guidance, while adding some load, may foster long-term retention and transfer of knowledge.
❓ According to the passage, what is the likely effect of combining worked examples with problem-solving tasks?
A. It increases extraneous load and reduces learning efficiency.
B. It helps learners build stronger mental models compared to unguided discovery.
C. It eliminates all cognitive load, making learning effortless.
D. It primarily increases intrinsic load, leading to cognitive overload.
✅ 正确答案
It helps learners build stronger mental models compared to unguided discovery.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first