The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional design aims to manage this load to optimize learning. According to Sweller's cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic complexity of the material (intrinsic load) is compounded by poor presentation (extraneous load). However, an element of 'germane load' is beneficial, as it involves the mental resources dedicated to constructing and automating schemas. Recent studies suggest that adaptive learning technologies, which tailor content to an individual's current knowledge, can reduce extraneous load while promoting germane load. Yet, critics argue that over-simplifying content may undermine deep understanding, as some level of difficulty is necessary for robust schema formation. Thus, striking a balance between reducing unnecessary strain and maintaining productive challenge remains a central pedagogical challenge.
❓ Согласно тексту, в чём заключается основная сложность в проектировании обучения?
A. A) Устранение всей когнитивной нагрузки, чтобы сделать обучение лёгким.
B. B) Увеличение внутренней нагрузки, чтобы обеспечить более усердную работу студентов.
C. C) Балансирование снижения посторонней нагрузки с сохранением продуктивной сложности.
D. D) Замена релевантной нагрузки посторонней нагрузкой для достижения лучших результатов.
✅ 正确答案
C) Balancing the reduction of extraneous load with maintaining productive difficulty.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first