The concept of 'ecological footprint' has gained significant traction in environmental policy discussions, yet its application remains contentious. Originally developed by Wackernagel and Rees in the 1990s, the footprint measures the biologically productive land and sea area required to sustain a population's consumption and absorb its waste. While it provides a compelling visual metaphor for resource overuse, critics argue that the metric oversimplifies complex global interdependencies. For instance, it fails to account for technological innovations that may reduce resource intensity, nor does it distinguish between sustainable and unsustainable forms of consumption within the same category. Moreover, the footprint's global aggregation masks regional disparities, as wealthy nations often outsource their environmental burdens to poorer countries through trade. Despite these limitations, proponents maintain that the footprint serves as an essential awareness-raising tool, prompting both policymakers and individuals to reconsider their consumption patterns in a finite world.
❓ Согласно тексту, какое из следующих утверждений является ограничением концепции экологического следа?
A. Оно переоценивает влияние технологических инноваций.
B. Он не учитывает региональные различия в потреблении и поглощении отходов.
C. Он слишком сильно сосредоточен на международной торговле и аутсорсинге.
D. Это препятствует использованию политиками инструментов экологической осведомлённости.
✅ 正确答案
It does not consider regional differences in consumption and waste absorption.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first