The concept of 'environmental carrying capacity' has long been central to ecological studies, yet its application to human societies remains contentious. Unlike natural ecosystems, where population growth is typically regulated by resource availability and predation, human communities can temporarily exceed their carrying capacity through technological innovation and trade. However, this expansion often leads to unforeseen consequences, such as resource depletion and ecosystem degradation, which may ultimately undermine the very foundations of societal stability. Recent research suggests that sustainable development requires not merely technological fixes but a fundamental shift in consumption patterns and a recognition of the finite nature of planetary resources. This perspective challenges the optimistic assumption that human ingenuity can always outpace ecological limits, urging policymakers to consider long-term resilience over short-term growth.
❓ According to the passage, what is a key limitation of relying solely on technological innovation to address environmental limits?
A. Technological fixes are too expensive for most societies to implement.
B. Innovation may allow temporary overcapacity but can lead to long-term ecological damage.
C. Technological advancement always increases resource consumption at the same rate.
D. Human societies cannot innovate faster than natural ecosystems can adapt.
✅ 正确答案
Innovation may allow temporary overcapacity but can lead to long-term ecological damage.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first