The concept of 'environmental sustainability' has evolved significantly over the past decades, moving from a purely ecological perspective to one that integrates economic and social dimensions. Initially, sustainability was primarily concerned with conserving natural resources and protecting ecosystems from degradation. However, as global economies expanded, it became evident that environmental goals could not be achieved without addressing poverty, inequality, and economic development. This shift is reflected in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which explicitly link environmental health with human well-being. Critics argue that such integration dilutes the urgency of environmental action, yet proponents contend that a holistic approach is essential for long-term success. Empirical studies suggest that countries adopting integrated policies tend to show more consistent progress in reducing carbon emissions while maintaining economic growth, indicating that sustainability is not a zero-sum game but a synergistic process.
❓ Luận điểm chính được trình bày trong đoạn văn là gì?
A. A) Tính bền vững về môi trường chỉ nên tập trung vào việc bảo tồn sinh thái.
B. B) Việc lồng ghép các yếu tố kinh tế và xã hội vào phát triển bền vững làm suy yếu các nỗ lực bảo vệ môi trường.
C. C) Sự bền vững hiện đại đòi hỏi sự cân bằng giữa các mối quan tâm về môi trường, kinh tế và xã hội.
D. D) Các SDG đã thất bại trong việc giải quyết các vấn đề môi trường một cách hiệu quả.
✅ 正确答案
C) Modern sustainability requires a balance between environmental, economic, and social concerns.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first