The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, cognitive load theory suggests that learning is most effective when instructional materials are designed to minimize extraneous cognitive load, allowing learners to focus on intrinsic load and germane load. Intrinsic load is the inherent difficulty of the material itself, which cannot be altered without changing the complexity of the subject. Extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented, such as unnecessary graphics or confusing instructions. Germane load involves the mental resources devoted to processing and integrating new information into long-term memory. Research indicates that overly complex presentations can overwhelm students, hindering their ability to learn. Therefore, educators are advised to simplify visual aids and provide clear, structured explanations to optimize working memory capacity.
❓ 文章によると、教育者が余計な認知的負荷を最小限に抑える主な理由は何か。
A. 主題の本質的な難しさを軽減するために
B. 作業記憶を解放して、情報のより深い処理を行うためです。
C. 学習における精神的努力の総量を増やすために
D. 指導における視覚教材の必要性を排除するために
✅ 正确答案
To free up working memory for deeper processing of information
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first