雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'planned obsolescence' has long been a cornerstone of consumer electronics manufacturing, yet its environmental ramifications are increasingly under scrutiny. Originally designed to stimulate economic growth by encouraging frequent replacement of products, this strategy now clashes with sustainability goals. Recent studies indicate that the average lifespan of a smartphone is merely two to three years, largely due to non-replaceable batteries and software updates that render older models sluggish. While manufacturers argue that this cycle drives innovation and affordability, critics contend that it leads to monumental electronic waste, with over 50 million tonnes discarded annually worldwide. In response, some regions have introduced 'right to repair' legislation, mandating that spare parts and repair manuals be accessible for a minimum of seven years after a product's release. However, the effectiveness of such laws hinges on consumer willingness to repair rather than replace, which is often undermined by the higher cost of repairs compared to new purchases. Thus, the dilemma persists: balancing economic vitality with ecological responsibility requires a fundamental shift in both corporate design philosophy and consumer behavior.