The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional design aims to manage this load to optimize learning. According to cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the intrinsic load (complexity of the material) and extraneous load (the way information is presented) exceed the learner's capacity. Effective teaching materials reduce extraneous load by simplifying presentations, while allowing intrinsic load to remain, as it is essential for deep processing. However, recent studies suggest that overly simplified materials may reduce germane load, which is the effort devoted to constructing schemas and integrating new knowledge. Thus, a balance is necessary: too much complexity overwhelms, but too little challenge can impair long-term retention.
❓ 本文によると、過度に簡略化された教材の主なリスクは何か。
A. A. それらは過剰に外的負荷を増大させる。
B. B. それらは学習に必要な本質的な複雑性を低減する。
C. C. それらは、スキーマ構築に不可欠な関連負荷を減少させる可能性がある。
D. D. 彼らは不要な情報を追加することで認知的過負荷を引き起こす。
✅ 正确答案
C. They may decrease germane load, which is crucial for schema construction.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first