The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, cognitive load theory suggests that learning is most effective when instructional materials are designed to minimize extraneous cognitive load, thereby freeing resources for the intrinsic load necessary to understand complex tasks. For instance, when students are presented with a diagram and accompanying text that are physically separated, they must expend mental energy to integrate the information, increasing extraneous load. Conversely, integrating visual and verbal explanations in a single, coherent format can reduce this load and enhance comprehension. However, researchers caution that reducing load is not always beneficial; for novice learners, some redundancy may actually support schema construction, whereas for experts, it can impede learning by causing unnecessary repetition. Thus, effective instructional design must consider the learner's prior knowledge and the complexity of the material to optimize cognitive processing.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 인지 부하를 줄이는 것이 학습자에게 유익한지 여부를 결정하는 핵심 요인은 무엇인가?
A. A) 교수 자료의 물리적 배치
B. B) 학습자의 사전 지식 수준과 자료의 복잡성
C. C) 제시된 시각 정보의 총량
D. D) 자료가 제시되는 속도
✅ 正确答案
B) The learner's level of prior knowledge and material complexity
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first