The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often seek to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to cognitive load theory, learning is hindered when the demands of a task exceed the learner's working memory capacity. This can occur due to the intrinsic complexity of the material, the way information is presented, or the unnecessary cognitive activities required by the instructional format. To mitigate this, educators might simplify content, use worked examples, or eliminate extraneous information. However, some researchers argue that a certain level of desirable difficulty can enhance long-term retention, suggesting that not all cognitive load is detrimental. Thus, the challenge lies in balancing the reduction of unnecessary load while maintaining productive challenges that promote deeper processing.
❓ 본문에 따르면 교수 설계자에게 가장 큰 도전 과제는 무엇인가요?
A. A) 학습 과제에서 모든 인지 부하를 완전히 제거하기 위해
B. B) 자료의 복잡성을 증가시켜 기억 유지를 강화하기 위해
C. C) 불필요한 인지 부하를 줄이는 것과 유익한 도전을 유지하는 것 사이의 균형을 맞추기 위해
D. D) 주제의 내재적 복잡성에만 초점을 맞추기 위해
✅ 正确答案
C) To balance reducing unnecessary cognitive load while keeping beneficial challenges
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first