The concept of 'neuroplasticity' has revolutionized our understanding of the brain's capacity for change. Contrary to the long-held belief that the adult brain is fixed and immutable, research now demonstrates that neural pathways can be remodeled throughout life in response to learning, experience, and even injury. This adaptive mechanism involves synaptic strengthening, the formation of new connections, and, in some regions, the generation of new neurons. However, plasticity is not uniformly distributed; it is most pronounced during critical periods in childhood, yet remains active in adulthood, albeit with reduced scope. Factors such as environmental enrichment, physical exercise, and cognitive training have been shown to enhance plasticity, while chronic stress and aging tend to diminish it. Understanding these dynamics holds significant implications for rehabilitation after brain damage and for developing strategies to maintain cognitive health in the elderly.
❓ Según el pasaje, ¿cuál de las siguientes afirmaciones sobre la neuroplasticidad es VERDADERA?
A. A. La neuroplasticidad solo ocurre durante los períodos críticos de la infancia.
B. B. El cerebro adulto está completamente fijo y no puede cambiar.
C. C. La neuroplasticidad es uniforme en todas las regiones del cerebro y edades.
D. D. La neuroplasticidad puede ser influenciada por factores como el ejercicio y el estrés.
✅ 正确答案
D. Neuroplasticity can be influenced by factors such as exercise and stress.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first