The concept of sustainable development has evolved significantly since its popularization in the 1987 Brundtland Report. Initially, it focused primarily on environmental protection and economic growth. However, contemporary interpretations emphasize a more integrated approach, incorporating social equity and cultural preservation. This shift reflects a growing recognition that environmental degradation often disproportionately affects marginalized communities, and that long-term solutions require inclusive decision-making processes. Critics argue that the term has become so broad that it risks losing its analytical precision, being used to justify contradictory policies. Nevertheless, recent case studies in urban planning demonstrate that when sustainability frameworks include local knowledge and participatory governance, they can lead to more resilient and equitable outcomes. Thus, the evolution of the concept highlights a dynamic tension between its aspirational goals and practical implementation challenges.
❓ According to the passage, what is a major criticism of the term 'sustainable development'?
A. A. It focuses too much on environmental issues at the expense of economic growth.
B. B. It has become too vague and can be used to support conflicting policies.
C. C. It ignores the role of local communities in decision-making processes.
D. D. It has not changed significantly since the 1987 Brundtland Report.
✅ 正确答案
B. It has become too vague and can be used to support conflicting policies.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first