雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'cultural intelligence' (CQ) has gained traction in organizational psychology as a counterpart to traditional measures of cognitive ability. Unlike IQ, which focuses on abstract reasoning, CQ emphasizes an individual's capacity to function effectively in culturally diverse settings. Researchers have identified four distinct components: metacognitive CQ (awareness of one's own cultural assumptions), cognitive CQ (knowledge of cultural norms and practices), motivational CQ (interest and confidence in cross-cultural interactions), and behavioral CQ (ability to adapt verbal and non-verbal actions). A 2023 meta-analysis by Rockstuhl and Ng found that CQ predicts cross-cultural adjustment even after controlling for personality and general intelligence, suggesting that cultural adaptability is a trainable skill rather than a fixed trait. However, critics argue that CQ measurements often rely on self-reports, which may be biased by social desirability, and that the construct overlaps with emotional intelligence, questioning its unique validity. Despite these debates, CQ remains a valuable framework for global organizations seeking to enhance expatriate performance and multicultural teamwork.