The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational psychology, cognitive load theory suggests that learning is most effective when instructional materials are designed to minimize extraneous load, allowing learners to focus their cognitive resources on the essential processing of information. However, intrinsic load, which is inherent to the complexity of the subject matter, cannot be reduced by instructional design alone. Researchers have found that overly complex diagrams or redundant text can increase extraneous load, thereby hindering learning outcomes. Conversely, well-structured materials that segment information into manageable chunks can enhance understanding by aligning with the natural limits of working memory. This theory has significant implications for curriculum design, particularly in STEM fields where abstract concepts often impose high intrinsic load.
❓ According to the passage, what is the primary effect of reducing extraneous load in instructional design?
A. It decreases the intrinsic complexity of the subject matter.
B. It allows learners to dedicate more cognitive resources to essential information processing.
C. It eliminates the need for working memory in learning.
D. It increases the amount of information that can be presented at once.
✅ 正确答案
It allows learners to dedicate more cognitive resources to essential information processing.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first