Recent studies in cognitive science have challenged the traditional view that human memory operates like a video recorder, faithfully storing every detail of an experience. Instead, memory is now understood as a reconstructive process, wherein each recall is influenced by current knowledge, beliefs, and even the social context of the retrieval. This dynamic nature of memory has significant implications for eyewitness testimony, as subtle differences in how questions are phrased can alter a witness's recollection of an event. Researchers have demonstrated that post-event information, such as media reports or discussions with other witnesses, can become integrated into the original memory, leading to distortions that the individual believes are accurate. Consequently, legal systems are increasingly recognizing the fallibility of memory, prompting reforms in how evidence is gathered and presented in courtrooms.
❓ Согласно тексту, почему человеческая память считается ненадёжной в юридическом контексте?
A. A. Потому что воспоминания всегда неполны из-за ограниченной ёмкости мозга.
B. B. Потому что воспоминания могут быть бессознательно изменены последующей информацией и контекстами.
C. C. Потому что очевидцы часто намеренно лгут, чтобы защитить себя.
D. D. Потому что мозг хранит воспоминания точно так, как они происходят, как видеомагнитофон.
✅ 正确答案
B. Because memories can be unconsciously modified by later information and contexts.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first