The phenomenon of urban heat islands (UHIs) has garnered increasing attention in climate research. UHIs occur when metropolitan areas experience significantly higher temperatures than their surrounding rural regions, primarily due to human activities and modified land surfaces. Concrete and asphalt absorb and re-emit solar radiation more effectively than natural vegetation, while waste heat from buildings, vehicles, and industrial processes further elevates temperatures. This thermal disparity can exacerbate energy consumption for cooling, elevate air pollution levels, and pose health risks, particularly during heatwaves. Mitigation strategies, such as increasing urban greenery and employing reflective materials on rooftops, have been proposed, yet their effectiveness varies with local climate and city morphology. Recent studies emphasize the importance of integrating climatic considerations into urban planning, rather than treating UHIs as isolated environmental issues. Such integration could foster more sustainable and resilient cities in an era of global warming.
❓ Según el pasaje, ¿cuál es un factor clave que contribuye al efecto de isla de calor urbana?
A. A. El uso de materiales reflectantes en los techos
B. B. La absorción y re-emisión de la radiación solar por las superficies urbanas
C. C. La presencia de vegetación natural en las zonas rurales
D. D. La reducción del calor residual de los procesos industriales
✅ 正确答案
B. The absorption and re-emission of solar radiation by urban surfaces
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