The concept of 'environmental determinism' posits that human behavior and societal development are largely shaped by the physical environment. This theory, popular in the 19th and early 20th centuries, argued that climate and geography directly influenced the economic prosperity and cultural characteristics of civilizations. However, modern geographers have largely rejected this deterministic view, favoring instead a 'possibilist' approach. Possibilism suggests that while the environment offers a range of possibilities, human agency and cultural choices ultimately determine which paths are taken. For instance, two societies with identical climates may develop vastly different technologies and social structures due to their unique historical and cultural contexts. Thus, the environment is seen not as a dictator but as a stage upon which human ingenuity plays out.
❓ 根据文章所述，环境决定论与可能论之间的主要区别是什么？
A. A. 决定论强调气候，而可能论强调地理。
B. B. 决定论将环境视为限制因素，而可能论则将其视为无限选择的来源。
C. C. 决定论认为环境决定人类发展，而可能论则认为人类的选择起决定性作用。
D. D. 决定论在19世纪颇为流行，而可能论则在20世纪开始盛行。
✅ 正确答案
C. Determinism holds that the environment dictates human development, while possibilism holds that human choices are decisive.