The concept of 'environmental debt' has gained traction in ecological economics, referring to the cumulative burden imposed on natural systems by human activities that exceed their regenerative capacity. Unlike financial debt, which can be repaid through monetary transactions, environmental debt is often irreversible, as species extinction and habitat degradation cannot be fully remediated. Scholars argue that current accounting frameworks fail to incorporate this ecological liability, leading to a systematic underestimation of the true cost of economic growth. Furthermore, the burden is disproportionately borne by future generations and developing nations, raising ethical concerns about intergenerational justice. Proponents of sustainable development advocate for integrating natural capital into national balance sheets, while critics caution that monetizing ecosystems may oversimplify their intrinsic value and lead to perverse incentives. This debate underscores the need for a nuanced policy approach that balances economic pragmatism with ecological stewardship.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 전통적인 경제 회계의 주요 한계는 무엇인가?
A. A) 그것은 자연 시스템의 재생 능력을 과대평가한다.
B. B) 그것은 환경 피해의 비가역적 성격을 무시한다.
C. C) 미래 세대를 현재의 경제적 필요보다 우선시한다.
D. D) 생태계를 단지 금전적 가치만을 지닌 것으로 취급한다.
✅ 正确答案
B) It ignores the irreversible nature of environmental damage.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first