Good morning, everyone. Today, we're going to discuss the role of urban parks in reducing heat island effects. A recent study in Melbourne compared three types of green spaces: small gardens, medium-sized parks, and large forested areas. The researchers measured air temperature during a heatwave. Surprisingly, the small gardens had a cooling effect of only 1 degree Celsius, while the medium parks reduced temperatures by 3 degrees. However, the large forested areas showed the most significant drop, up to 5 degrees, but only if the tree canopy was dense. The study also noted that water features, such as ponds, did not enhance cooling unless combined with shade.