Today we'll discuss the history of the bicycle. In the early 19th century, the first two-wheeled vehicle, called the 'hobby horse', appeared in Germany. It had no pedals; riders pushed their feet against the ground. Later, in the 1860s, pedals were added to the front wheel in France, leading to the 'penny-farthing' with a huge front wheel. However, this design was unstable and dangerous. The breakthrough came in 1885 with the 'safety bicycle', which featured a chain drive and two equal-sized wheels, making riding much safer and more practical. This design became the basis for modern bicycles.