Good morning, everyone. Today we're going to talk about the history of the bicycle. Now, many people think the bicycle was invented in the 19th century, and that's partly true. However, the first two-wheeled vehicle, called a 'draisine', appeared in 1817. It had no pedals; you pushed it with your feet. Later, in the 1860s, pedals were added to the front wheel. But these early bicycles were very uncomfortable because of the solid rubber tires. It wasn't until 1888 that John Dunlop invented the pneumatic tire, which made cycling much smoother. This invention greatly increased the popularity of bicycles.