Good morning. Today we're going to discuss the history of urban parks. Central Park in New York, designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, opened in 1858. It was revolutionary because it provided a natural escape for all citizens, not just the wealthy. However, the park's initial construction involved draining swamps and moving massive amounts of earth. Interestingly, Olmsted later designed parks in other cities, but he often faced budget constraints. For instance, in Montreal, his plan for Mount Royal Park was simplified due to funding issues, yet it still retained his core ideas of winding paths and naturalistic landscapes.