Today in our environmental science lecture, we'll discuss urban green spaces. Recent studies show that parks in cities can reduce local temperatures by up to 3 degrees Celsius during heatwaves. However, the effectiveness depends on factors like tree canopy coverage and water features. For instance, a park with dense trees and a pond can cool the surrounding area more effectively than a grassy field. Additionally, green roofs on buildings provide insulation, cutting energy costs by about 15% in summer. But planners must consider maintenance costs and water usage, especially in arid regions. Overall, integrating small gardens into residential areas has proven more beneficial for mental health than large distant parks.