Good morning, everyone. Today we're going to discuss the history of the bicycle. One key figure is Karl von Drais, who invented the 'running machine' in 1817. This early vehicle had no pedals; riders pushed their feet against the ground. Later, in the 1860s, pedals were added to the front wheel, creating the 'boneshaker'. However, it was extremely uncomfortable on rough roads. The real breakthrough came in 1885 with the 'safety bicycle', which featured a chain drive and two equal-sized wheels. This design made cycling much safer and more practical for ordinary people.