Good morning. Today we're going to discuss the history of the bicycle. Now, many people think the first bicycle was invented in the 19th century, but actually, a simple two-wheeled machine appeared in France in the 1790s. However, it had no pedals; riders pushed their feet against the ground. Then, in 1839, a Scottish blacksmith named Kirkpatrick Macmillan added pedals to the rear wheel. Interestingly, his invention was not widely adopted, and it was only in the 1860s, when French manufacturers added pedals to the front wheel, that bicycles became popular. This design, called the 'boneshaker,' was uncomfortable due to its wooden wheels and iron tires.