Today's lecture is about the history of urban planning. One key figure is Baron Haussmann, who redesigned Paris in the 1850s. His main goals were to improve traffic flow, create public parks, and reduce the risk of disease by widening streets. However, his projects also displaced many working-class residents to the outskirts. Interestingly, Haussmann's wide boulevards were later criticized for making it easier for the government to control crowds during uprisings. So, while his changes improved sanitation, they also had social and political consequences.