雅思听力

🎧 Listening Transcript

Today's lecture is about the history of urban planning. One key figure is Baron Haussmann, who redesigned Paris in the 1850s. He created wide boulevards and public parks, but his plans also displaced many residents. Another example is the Garden City movement by Ebenezer Howard, which aimed to combine city and country living. However, Howard's ideas were rarely implemented exactly as he envisioned. In contrast, the modernist architect Le Corbusier proposed high-rise towers surrounded by green space, which influenced many post-war housing projects. Yet, these projects often failed socially because they ignored existing community structures.