In today's lecture, we'll discuss the history of the bicycle. The first two-wheeled vehicle, called the draisine, was invented in 1817 by Karl von Drais. It had no pedals; riders pushed their feet against the ground. In the 1860s, pedals were added to the front wheel, creating the velocipede, but it was nicknamed the boneshaker due to its uncomfortable ride. Later, in 1885, John Kemp Starley introduced the Rover Safety Bicycle, which featured a chain drive to the rear wheel and equal-sized wheels, making it much safer and more efficient. This design became the template for modern bicycles.