Today's lecture is about the history of the printing press. We often associate its invention with Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century, but actually, movable type was first developed in China around 1040 by Bi Sheng. However, Gutenberg's press was revolutionary because it used metal type and an oil-based ink, making printing faster and more durable. By the 16th century, printing had spread across Europe, leading to a rise in literacy and the spread of new ideas. Interestingly, the first printed book in Europe was the Gutenberg Bible, produced around 1455.