Good morning. Today we're going to discuss the role of urban green spaces in reducing heat. Recent studies have shown that parks can lower surrounding temperatures by up to five degrees Celsius. However, the effect depends on the size and vegetation density. For instance, a large park with dense trees can create a 'cool island' several kilometers wide. In contrast, small gardens with only grass have a limited impact. The most effective design combines trees, water features, and shaded walkways. Interestingly, researchers found that the cooling effect is strongest during the late afternoon, when temperatures peak. This has led some cities to prioritize creating interconnected green networks.