Chapter 85 covers electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; sound recorders and reproducers, television image and sound recorders and reproducers, and parts and accessories of such articles. This chapter is one of the most technology-intensive chapters in the HS classification, involving various equipment for the production, conversion, storage, and utilization of electrical energy, from simple resistors and capacitors to complex integrated circuits and communication equipment. Within the chapter, it is divided by function into multiple headings, such as 8501 electric motors, 8504 transformers, 8541 semiconductor devices, etc., and is a core chapter for import and export declaration of mechanical and electrical products. Heading 8541 covers semiconductor devices; light-emitting diodes; mounted piezo-electric crystals; integrated circuits and parts thereof. Specifically, it includes: diodes, transistors, thyristors and similar semiconductor switching elements; photosensitive semiconductor devices; light-emitting diodes (LEDs); mounted piezo-electric crystals; and integrated circuits. This heading is a key node for the classification of electronic components, distinguishing unmounted piezo-electric crystals (classified under other headings before 8541 or material chapters) from mounted piezo-electric crystals, the latter specifically referring to piezo-electric crystal components that have been equipped with electrodes, casings, etc., i.e., fully assembled and ready for direct use. Code 854160 has 6 digits: the first 2 digits '85' indicate Chapter 85 (electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof); digits 3-4 '41' indicate heading 8541 (semiconductor devices; light-emitting diodes; mounted piezo-electric crystals; integrated circuits); digits 5-6 '60' indicate subheading 854160, i.e., 'mounted piezo-electric crystals'. This subheading is further subdivided into: 85416010 (mounted piezo-electric crystals, for frequency adjustment? Note: actual subheadings may vary by version; here described according to standard HS code). It should be noted that subheading levels may be slightly adjusted depending on the HS version, but the core is the 'mounted' status. Unmounted piezo-electric crystals (e.g., only cut, without electrodes) are usually classified under other headings (such as material chapters before 8541 or unmounted subheadings of 8541). This commodity is classified under 854160 because its core characteristic is 'mounted piezo-electric crystal'. If the piezo-electric crystal itself is unmounted (e.g., only cut, without electrodes), it may be classified under other headings (such as unmounted subheadings of 8541 or material chapters), but once assembly is completed (e.g., equipped with electrodes, casing, leads, etc.), it becomes an electronic component ready for direct use and should be classified under 854160. The difference from other subheadings of 8541 (such as 854110 diodes, 854121 transistors) is that 854160 specifically refers to crystal components operating by the piezo-electric effect, rather than semiconductor PN junction devices.

Product name: The standard name of the declared commodity, which should accurately reflect the commodity attributes, such as 'mounted piezo-electric crystal' or the specific model name. Use: Explain the application scenario of the piezo-electric crystal, such as for oscillators, filters, frequency control, sensors, etc. Material: Main material, such as quartz crystal, ceramic piezo-electric material (e.g., lead zirconate titanate), etc., as well as electrode material (e.g., silver, gold). Mounted or not: Clearly state whether electrodes, casing, leads, etc., are mounted, as this is the key condition for classification under 854160. Frequency: The nominal frequency of the piezo-electric crystal, such as 32.768kHz, 16MHz, etc., which is an important technical parameter. Brand: Manufacturer or brand name; if no brand, fill in 'no brand'. Model: Specific model or specification, facilitating customs identification and classification. Product name: mounted piezo-electric crystal; Use: for frequency oscillation in electronic circuits; Material: quartz crystal, silver electrodes; Mounted or not: mounted; Frequency: 16MHz; Brand: no brand; Model: XT-16M. Not noting 'mounted', resulting in classification under unmounted crystals or material chapters. Misreporting piezo-electric crystal as 'oscillator'; oscillators are usually classified under 8541 or 8543, and distinction is required. Frequency unit filled in incorrectly, such as 16MHz filled as 16kHz, affecting technical review.

The core criteria for classification are: 1) whether the commodity is a piezo-electric crystal; 2) whether it has been assembled (e.g., equipped with electrodes, casing, leads, etc.). Only when both conditions of 'piezo-electric crystal' and 'mounted' are met is it classified under 854160. If unmounted, it may be classified under other subheadings of 8541 (such as unmounted piezo-electric crystals) or material chapters (e.g., quartz crystal classified under 7104 or 8541). In addition, attention should be paid to the difference from other subheadings of 8541: 854110 is diodes, 854121 is transistors, 854130 is thyristors, 854140 is photosensitive semiconductor devices, 854150 is other semiconductor devices, and 854160 specifically refers to mounted piezo-electric crystals. 854110 Diodes: Diodes use PN junction unidirectional conduction, while piezo-electric crystals use the piezo-electric effect; the working principles are different. 854121 Transistors: Transistors are three-terminal semiconductor devices with amplification or switching functions, different from the frequency control function of piezo-electric crystals. 854150 Other semiconductor devices: 854150 covers semiconductor devices not otherwise specified, but mounted piezo-electric crystals should be preferentially classified under 854160. 854370 Other electrical equipment: 854370 is for electrical equipment not specified elsewhere in this chapter; if the piezo-electric crystal forms a complete oscillator, it may be classified under 854370, but a simple mounted crystal is still classified under 854160. 710410 Piezo-electric quartz: 710410 is unmounted piezo-electric quartz (material); if mounted, it is classified under 854160. Is the commodity a piezo-electric crystal (quartz or ceramic, etc.)? Has it been assembled (with electrodes, casing, etc.)? Is it used for frequency control, oscillation, or filtering? Is it confused with semiconductor devices such as diodes and transistors? Has it formed a complete device (such as an oscillator)?

How to determine whether a piezo-electric crystal is 'mounted'? 'Mounted' usually means the crystal has been equipped with electrodes, casing, leads, etc., and can be directly connected to a circuit for use. If it is only a cut crystal piece without electrodes, it is considered unmounted and may be classified under other codes. What is the difference in classification between piezo-electric crystals and oscillators? A piezo-electric crystal itself is a component, and when mounted it is classified under 854160; if combined with a circuit to form a complete oscillator, it may be classified under 8543 or other subheadings of 8541. Judgment should be based on whether it has complete oscillation function. Are both quartz crystals and ceramic piezo-electric crystals classified under 854160? Yes, as long as they are mounted, regardless of whether they are quartz or ceramic piezo-electric materials, they are classified under 854160. However, the material must be specified in the declaration elements. Is the frequency parameter required for declaration? It is recommended to provide it; frequency is a key parameter of piezo-electric crystals and helps customs confirm the commodity attributes. If it cannot be provided, the reason must be explained. What is the export tax rebate rate for 854160? The rebate rate may be adjusted according to national policies. Please check the latest export tax rebate rate database or consult the local customs. This article does not provide specific tax rate values. If the piezo-electric crystal is used for sensors, does the classification change? If the piezo-electric crystal is used as a sensor element and is mounted, it is still classified under 854160; if it forms a complete sensor, it may be classified under 8543 or 9031, etc. Judgment should be based on function. What documents are required for importing piezo-electric crystals? Generally, contracts, invoices, packing lists, declaration elements, etc., are required. If certification (such as CCC) is involved, corresponding certificates must be provided. Specific requirements are subject to customs. How to query the MFN tax rate for 854160? You can log on to the website of the General Administration of Customs of China or use the 'Import and Export Tariff of the People's Republic of China' to query, or consult a customs broker. Tax rates may change; it is recommended to use the latest version.