Chapter 84 is the HS classification system's 'Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof,' covering a broad range from power machinery to precision machining equipment. Goods in this chapter are mostly industrial finished products with features of power drive, mechanical motion, or energy conversion. CNC machine tools, as core equipment of modern manufacturing, are classified in this chapter, reflecting their attribute as capital goods and distinguishing them from electrical equipment in Chapter 85, emphasizing mechanical machining functions rather than electrical control itself. Heading 8458 specifically covers 'Metal cutting machine tools, including lathes (including CNC lathes),' specifically including horizontal lathes, other lathes, and CNC lathes. This heading focuses on machine tools that achieve shaping by removing metal material, whether manual or CNC. Under 8458, further subdivision is based on whether it is CNC and the type of machine tool. CNC horizontal lathes are 845811, reflecting their fundamental position in metalworking. The first 2 digits '84' represent Chapter 84, i.e., the machinery category, covering power machinery, processing machinery, etc. Digits 3-4 '58' represent heading 8458, specifically referring to metal cutting lathes, distinguished from 8457 (machining centers) and 8459 (drilling, boring, milling machines). Digits 5-6 '11' are the subheading, where '1' indicates Numerical Control, and '1' further limits it to horizontal lathes. Therefore, 845811 completely represents 'CNC horizontal lathes,' i.e., horizontal metal cutting lathes controlled by a CNC system, a category with relatively high technical content among lathes. This commodity is a CNC horizontal lathe, equipped with a CNC system and with a horizontally arranged spindle, used for metal cutting. It is classified under 845811 rather than 845819 (other CNC lathes) or 845891 (other CNC machine tools), because it is clearly a horizontal lathe and CNC. Compared with other subheadings under 8458, 845811 specifically refers to CNC horizontal, excluding vertical or non-CNC, so the classification is precise.

Product Name: The declared commodity name should accurately reflect the machine tool type, such as 'CNC horizontal lathe' or a specific model. Brand: Fill in the manufacturer or brand name, such as 'DMG MORI' or 'Shenyang Machine Tool'. Model: Specific model specifications, such as 'CK6140', 'QTN 200', etc. Processing Method: State that it is metal cutting processing, such as 'turning' or 'metal removal'. Control Method: Clearly state CNC, and may note the control system brand and number of axes. Spindle Orientation: Indicate horizontal (horizontal spindle) or vertical; this is a key classification element. Main Technical Parameters: Such as maximum swing diameter, machining length, spindle speed, etc. Use: Explain applicable industries, such as automotive parts, aerospace, etc. Product Name: CNC horizontal lathe; Brand: Shenyang Machine Tool; Model: CK6140; Processing Method: metal turning; Control Method: CNC (FANUC system, 2 axes); Spindle Orientation: horizontal; Main Technical Parameters: maximum swing diameter 400mm, machining length 1000mm, spindle speed 2000rpm; Use: machining of automotive shaft parts. Failure to indicate 'horizontal' may lead to classification under 845819 (other CNC lathes). Mistakenly writing 'CNC' as 'automatic' or 'program-controlled', leading to classification errors. Inconsistent brand and model entries, affecting customs valuation and origin determination.

The core basis for classification is the 'Import and Export Tariff' and the 'HS Explanatory Notes'. 845811 explicitly refers to 'CNC horizontal lathes', requiring simultaneous satisfaction of: 1) belonging to metal cutting lathes; 2) adopting a CNC system; 3) horizontal spindle arrangement. If any condition is missing, it is classified under other subheadings. For example, non-CNC horizontal lathes are classified under 845819, and vertical CNC lathes under 845891. Customs review focuses on verifying the consistency between declared elements and the actual goods, especially control method and spindle orientation. 845819 Other CNC lathes: 845819 covers non-horizontal CNC lathes, such as vertical CNC lathes. The core difference is spindle orientation: 845811 is horizontal, 845819 is other (usually vertical). 845891 Other CNC machine tools: 845891 refers to other CNC metal cutting machine tools besides lathes, such as CNC drilling machines and milling machines. The difference lies in the processing method: lathes mainly rotate the workpiece, while other machine tools mainly rotate the tool. 845811 CNC horizontal lathes: This code itself, but easily confused with 845819. Confirm horizontal spindle and CNC, then classify here. 845710 Machining centers: 845710 is machining centers, capable of multi-process machining, usually with automatic tool change function. The difference from lathes is that machining centers are mainly milling, while lathes are mainly turning. 845929 Other drilling machines: 845929 is other drilling machines, non-CNC. The difference from lathes is that drilling machines are used for drilling holes, while lathes are used for turning outer diameters, end faces, etc. Is it clearly a metal cutting lathe? Does it adopt a CNC system? Is the spindle horizontally arranged (horizontal)? Is it confused with machining centers, drilling machines, etc.? Are the declared elements complete and accurate?

How to query the HS code for CNC horizontal lathes? First confirm the commodity is a metal cutting lathe, adopts a CNC system, and has a horizontal spindle. In the HS code book, find Chapter 84, heading 8458, subheading 845811. You may also use the customs classification query system, enter the keyword 'CNC horizontal lathe' for retrieval, or consult a professional customs broker. What is the difference in HS codes between CNC horizontal lathes and CNC vertical lathes? CNC horizontal lathes are classified under 845811, and CNC vertical lathes under 845819 (other CNC lathes). The difference lies in spindle orientation: horizontal spindle is horizontal, vertical spindle is vertical. When declaring, the spindle orientation must be clearly indicated, otherwise classification errors may occur. What key elements must be provided when declaring CNC horizontal lathes? Product name, brand, model, processing method, control method, spindle orientation, main technical parameters, and use must be provided. Among these, control method and spindle orientation are key to classification under 845811; missing them may lead to customs rejection or classification disputes. If a CNC horizontal lathe has automatic tool change function, is it still classified under 845811? It is still classified under 845811, because automatic tool change does not change its basic characteristics as a CNC horizontal lathe. However, if the machine tool can perform multi-process machining (such as turn-mill combined) and has the characteristics of a machining center, it may be classified under 845710. Judgment should be based on the main function. Is the HS code the same for used CNC horizontal lathes? The HS code is the same, still 845811. However, imported used equipment requires a pre-shipment inspection certificate, and customs may conduct special review of the dutiable value. When declaring, it must be noted as used and relevant supporting documents provided. How to query the tariff rate for CNC horizontal lathes? The tariff rate must be determined according to the country of import and trade agreements. You may query the 'Import and Export Tariff' issued by the General Administration of Customs of China or use the 'Customs Classification Pre-Ruling' system. Most-favored-nation rates, agreement rates, etc., differ; it is recommended to consult a customs broker or use official tariff query tools. Does export tax rebate apply to CNC horizontal lathes? Export tax rebate depends on the commodity code and export policy. 845811 usually belongs to mechanical and electrical products and may enjoy export tax rebate. The specific rebate rate must be queried in the export tax rebate rate database issued by the State Taxation Administration, or consult the local tax authority. If the CNC system of a CNC horizontal lathe is purchased externally, does it affect classification? It does not affect classification. Classification is based on the overall characteristics of the machine tool, not the source of parts. As long as the complete machine has the function of a CNC horizontal lathe, it is classified under 845811. However, when declaring, the brand and model of the CNC system must be truthfully filled in for customs verification.